Blockchain systems face inherent challenges in achieving perfect fairness in transaction ordering due to the decentralized nature of their networks. Different nodes may perceive transaction sequences differently, leading to discrepancies in order. Hashgraph attempted to address this issue by implementing median timestamps, but this method remains vulnerable to manipulation by malicious nodes.
Innovative solutions like Aequitas and Themis have emerged, offering alternative approaches by grouping conflicting transactions rather than adhering to a strict first-to-arrive rule. These systems aim to enhance fairness by mitigating the impact of transaction order discrepancies. However, the question remains whether blockchains can achieve true fairness or if they can only strive to be "fair enough" within the constraints of their decentralized architecture.
Blockchain Fairness: Challenges and Innovations in Transaction Ordering
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