Vitalik Buterin introduced EIP-8288, a proposal to add a recursive STARK mempool mechanism in the I-star upgrade following Hegota. The proposal would move signature verification and proof generation out of Ethereum’s main execution path and use recursive aggregation in the mempool to reduce on-chain overhead. The mechanism is expected to lower costs for quantum-safe signatures and privacy protocols, with privacy transaction gas usage estimated to fall from tens of millions to tens of thousands. It could also support new signature or proof schemes such as Falcon and ML-DSA without modifying the EVM, while enabling private account abstraction. Under the proposed design, nodes would periodically collect and aggregate transaction dependencies to generate recursive STARKs, while block builders package the aggregated proofs on-chain. Each block would carry an additional 100–300KB STARK and 96 bytes of data per statement, and Buterin said the proposal could push Ethereum toward adopting RISC-V as the standard instruction set for recursive STARKs.