The U.S. Commerce Department will provide up to $100 million each to quantum computing companies Rigetti, D-Wave and Quantinuum through the CHIPS Act, for a combined total of up to $300 million. The department will also take minority stakes in the three companies to support development of fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware, manufacturing and error-correction systems. The funding comes as Ethereum targets December 2029 to complete post-quantum upgrades across its execution, consensus and data layers. Bitcoin developers are advancing BIP-360 and BIP-361, which propose migration to post-quantum signatures. No quantum computer currently threatens existing cryptographic systems, but roughly 1 million bitcoin, including holdings attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto, have exposed public keys and could become stranded assets if migration pathways are delayed.