ARK Invest and Glassnode released a joint "Decentralization Spectrum" report comparing Bitcoin, Ethereum and Solana across auditability, security, governance, ownership and six measurable dimensions. The report said Bitcoin and Ethereum each require only three entities to reach critical control thresholds, while Solana requires 19. On security and infrastructure, the report said Bitcoin miners can exit 1% of their positions in about 30 seconds, while Ethereum staking of a similar scale could take weeks under pressure. Bitcoin also showed the broadest geographic distribution of nodes, with 63% running through Tor, while AWS hosts about 20% of Ethereum nodes and Solana infrastructure is concentrated in data centers by design. Across the six-dimension scoring, Bitcoin ranked highest in auditability, ownership distribution and geographic resilience. Ethereum placed in the middle, while Solana was described as trading decentralization for performance and coordination speed.