At Pragma Taipei 2025, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin cautioned against the potential risks of "Mini Apps" creating "Walled Gardens." He highlighted concerns that reliance on proprietary APIs over standardized interfaces and the concept of "bringing your own keys" could lead to applications being locked to specific platforms or clients. Buterin emphasized that such closed systems could undermine the fundamental purpose of blockchain technology, which is to provide user guarantees and open access.