Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has highlighted longstanding gaps in the network's peer-to-peer (P2P) layer, emphasizing the need for improvements. He praised the PeerDAS upgrade for enhancing propagation speed, resilience, and privacy through data availability sampling, which significantly reduces bandwidth and latency. Developers have reported substantial latency improvements following the upgrade. In addition, Buterin proposed the creation of a trustless on-chain futures market for gas to mitigate fee volatility. This proposal comes as average gas costs for basic Ethereum transfers hover around 0.474 gwei, underscoring the need for more stable transaction fees.