Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin highlighted the limitations of zero-knowledge proofs (ZK) in providing coercion resistance for voting applications. In a recent social media post, Buterin suggested that combining ZK with technologies such as fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), trusted execution environments (TEE), or multi-party computation (MPC) could address these limitations. He emphasized that integrating ZK with FHE would maintain all security properties except coercion resistance, even if FHE is compromised. Buterin's recommendation aims to bolster security across various applications by leveraging multiple cryptographic methods.
Vitalik Buterin Advocates Combining ZK Proofs with FHE for Enhanced Security
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