Rebecca Rettig, COO and CLO of Jito Labs, argues that financial institutions can maintain regulatory compliance on permissionless blockchains without requiring permissioned networks. Writing for a16z crypto, Rettig states that the Bank Secrecy Act and sanctions laws mandate reasonable risk-based controls rather than zero-risk infrastructure or direct network control. The U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency confirmed in November 2025 that banks may pay blockchain network fees and hold related crypto assets. Rettig highlights that privacy technologies like zero-knowledge proofs enable institutions to demonstrate compliance to regulators without exposing customer positions, aligning with the recently passed GENIUS Act which places anti-money laundering controls at the application layer.