A recent study by GEO experts Zhang Kai and Yao Jinjiang, published on arXiv, reveals that ChatGPT absorbs content more deeply than its peers, despite citing fewer sources. The research, which analyzed citation behaviors across ChatGPT, Google AI Overview/Gemini, and Perplexity using 602 prompts, found that ChatGPT averages 6.88 sources per prompt compared to Perplexity's 16.35 and Google's 12.06. However, ChatGPT achieved the highest average influence score, indicating a deeper integration of cited content into its responses.
The study highlights that simply counting citations does not accurately reflect content utilization by AI search engines. It also identifies factors that increase a page's influence, such as the presence of code, numbers, and definitions. Encyclopedia pages were found to have the highest influence, while news pages, despite frequent citations, showed lower influence. The research data and code are available on GitHub.
Study Finds ChatGPT Absorbs Content More Deeply Despite Fewer Citations
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