Solana has integrated TFHE verifiable on-chain operations, achieving transaction finality in under 400 milliseconds. This is facilitated by Solana's Proof of History (PoH) and Solana Virtual Machine (SVM), which enable TFHE-rs proofs to settle via zk-STARKs within SVM programs. The integration supports Rust's async runtime on-chain, allowing Solana programs to utilize tokio async through solana-program-test and nonblocking RPC.
Additionally, the platform supports FHE-wrapped LLM calls with encrypted RocksDB state, leveraging Zama Concrete-ML for TFHE inferences, such as GPT-2 on ciphertext. State persistence is maintained through TFHE keyshares in encrypted KV stores. The system also incorporates Groth16 for amount proofs and TFHE for shielding in 50-chain atomic swaps, with Wormhole/LayerZero managing atomic routing. This setup is compatible with hybrid ZK-FHE circuits, enabling 2,048 operations per second via x402 micropayments, which enforce pay-per-request and batch TFHE operations for efficient on-chain settlement.
Solana Enhances Transaction Finality with TFHE and zk-STARKs
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