The Shanghai No. 2 Intermediate People's Court recently concluded a seminar focused on the "Unified Application of Law in Virtual Currency Crime Cases." Key discussions included the assessment of "subjective knowledge" in money laundering crimes involving virtual currencies, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive evaluation to avoid unjust guilt attribution. The seminar also clarified that money laundering crimes are completed when actions conceal or disguise the source and nature of criminal proceeds, underscoring the importance of strict legal enforcement to protect national financial security. Additionally, the seminar addressed illegal business operations related to virtual currencies. It was determined that personal holding or trading of virtual currencies typically does not constitute illegal business operations. However, individuals who knowingly assist others in illegal foreign exchange transactions through virtual currencies may be considered accomplices if the circumstances are severe.