Quantum computing poses a significant threat to asymmetric encryption algorithms like ECDSA and RSA, while having a limited impact on symmetric encryption such as AES, according to cryptography engineer Filippo Valsorda. The Grover algorithm, which could theoretically speed up brute-force attacks, is difficult to parallelize, making practical attacks on 128-bit keys costly and inefficient. Despite potential quantum advancements, AES-128 remains secure under post-quantum standards, with organizations like NIST affirming its adequacy without needing an upgrade to 256-bit keys. The industry consensus emphasizes the urgency of replacing vulnerable asymmetric encryption schemes to mitigate quantum threats.