PBOC Deputy Governor Lu Lei said agent-based payments must preserve clear responsibility boundaries among consumers, financial institutions and algorithmic systems, warning that excessive decision-making authority for autonomous agents could weaken trust in fund transfers. Speaking at the 15th China Payment and Clearing Forum, Lu said payment transactions require predictable outcomes, definable responsibilities and traceable paths, while large models and autonomous agents still face issues including random outputs and limited transparency. Lu said current payment governance and dispute-resolution frameworks are built around humans as the final decision-makers, and need to be updated as agents begin to automatically initiate and assist transactions. He also said the PBOC has guided the Payment and Clearing Association to formulate and release a Self-Regulatory Convention on Agent-Based Payment Applications to improve coordination on protocols and standards, while calling on market institutions to strengthen risk controls, protect consumers, build technical capabilities and support unified rule-setting.