Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, remains the largest holder with an estimated 1.1 million BTC. Institutional ETFs, including BlackRock's IBIT and Fidelity's FBTC, collectively manage over 1 million BTC, highlighting significant institutional interest. Public companies like MicroStrategy hold substantial amounts, with 640,808 BTC in their reserves. Governments such as the U.S., China, and El Salvador also maintain notable Bitcoin holdings, reflecting growing state-level engagement with the cryptocurrency. Additionally, centralized exchanges manage large custodial wallets, though these do not equate to ownership by the exchanges themselves.