Ethereum's Pectra upgrade is poised to significantly boost the network's transaction capacity by increasing the Layer 1 gas limit per block to 60 million. This enhancement is expected to double transaction throughput over the next year, aiming to alleviate congestion and reduce gas fees. The upgrade is a key component of Ethereum's strategy to enhance scalability while preserving decentralization and security, complementing Layer 2 solutions like rollups. Users are not required to take any action as the upgrade is a backend protocol change.