Nearly 100 Catholic leaders have expressed opposition to the Clarity Act's Section 604, known as the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act (BRCA), in a letter to U.S. Senate leaders. They argue that the provision could weaken regulatory efforts against illegal financial activities such as human trafficking. The anti-trafficking coalition emphasized that innovation should not come at the expense of human dignity and public accountability, warning that the BRCA could create regulatory ambiguities and loopholes, complicating law enforcement's ability to monitor illicit financial flows related to trafficking, organized crime, child exploitation, and sanctions evasion. The controversy centers on the BRCA's provision of a safe harbor for non-custodial developers, clarifying that they are not considered money transmitters. While the crypto industry supports this clause for providing legal certainty to software developers and preventing innovation from moving abroad, Digital Chamber CEO Cody Carbone clarified that Section 604 simply distinguishes non-custodial developers from bank operators and should not be misinterpreted.