Bitcoin's transition to post-quantum security could span 5 to 10 years, according to core developer Jameson Lopp. The primary challenge is achieving consensus within its decentralized network. Although current quantum computers are not yet capable of compromising Bitcoin's security, experts emphasize the importance of early preparation to mitigate future risks, which may increase after 2030. Lopp highlights that initiating the transition early is crucial to maintaining network integrity during protocol changes and fund migrations.