To learn more about Limit Orders, please read What are Limit orders?
To help clarify how the limit order fills, we will use our BTCUSD order book as an example. We can tell from the order book that the best ask price (Sell) is 11703.0, the best bid price (Buy) is 11702.5.
Long/Buy Limit Order
For a long/buy order, if the order price is equal or greater than the best ask price, the order will be filled immediately. The executed price will be the best ask price. If the order price is lower than the best ask price, the order will be added to the order book where it will wait to be filled. When your order becomes the best bid price and the counterparty places a market order to match it, it will be filled.
For example, if you price your order at 11701, it will be added to the order book where it will wait to be filled. If you price your order at 11707, the limit order will be filled immediately and be executed at the best ask price (11703).
Special Cases
If your limit order price is at 11703 and the order size is 40,000, then a part of the order (size 33,125) will be filled at 11703.0 and the remainder (size 6,875) will be added to the order book and wait to be filled.
If your limit order price is 11704 and the order size is 260,000, part of the order (size 33,125) will be filled at 11703, another part (size 190,648) will be filled at 11703.5, another portion of the order (size 35,640) will be filled at 11704, and the rest (size 587) will be added to the order book and wait to be filled.
Short/Sell Limit Order
For a short/sell order, if the order price is equal to or lower than the best bid price, the order will be filled immediately. The executed price will be the best bid price. If the order price is greater than the best bid price, the order will be added to the order book where it will wait to be filled. When your order becomes the best ask price and the counterparty places a market order to match it, it will be filled.
For example, if you price your order at 11704, it will be added to the order book where it will wait to be filled. If you price your order at 11700, the limit order will be filled immediately and be executed at the best bid price (11702.5).
Special Cases
For example, if your limit order price is at 11702.5 and the order size is 500,000, part of the order (size 427,677) will be filled at 11702.5, and the rest (size 72,323) will be added to the order book and wait to be filled.
If your limit order price is 11702 and the order size is 960,000, part of the order (size 427,677) will be filled at 11702.5, another part of the order (size 528,396) will be filled at 11702, and the rest (size 3,927) will be added to the order book and wait to be filled
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