Ethereum's mainnet achieved a new all-time high throughput of 32,950 transactions per second (TPS) in November 2025, according to data from GrowThePie. This milestone was largely driven by Lighter, which accounted for approximately 90% of Ethereum's daily Layer 2 TPS. Despite its significant contribution, Lighter's on-chain costs to Ethereum remain minimal, totaling only about $685 daily.